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Alface americana submetida à adubação nitrogenada e tensões de água no solo em ambiente protegido
(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2013-12-13) Carvalho, Kassio dos Santos; Silva, Edna Maria Bonfim da; 960.432.454-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8660058048761423; Koetz, Marcio; 892.874.600-00; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8918968565917194; Koetz, Marcio; 892.874.600-00; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8918968565917194; Guedes Filho, Osvaldo; 051.741.086-93; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9177335062472972; Teixeira, Marconi Batista; 028.530.536-01; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6394236673481626
Lettuce is a culture demanding in water consumption and the irrigation appropriate management is major, as well as nitrogen fertilization because nitrogen is a nutrient that stimulates plant development. This study aimed to evaluate the effect, isolated and associated soil water tensions and nitrogen levels applied in a Grossense Mato Cerrado of red oxisol with the development of the culture of lettuce under controlled conditions. The experiment was conducted in pots with capacity for 7 dm3 of soil end in greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4x5 factorial design, with 20 treatments (15, 30, 45, and 60 kPa soil water tension and 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg dm-3 nitrogen) and four replications. The nitrogen source used to urea and tensions were controlled by tensiometers installed at 10 cm depth in the experimental units fertilized with 100 mg dm-3 nitrogen. The analyzed variables were: leaves and total aerial parts of green weight, of leaves number, weight dry leaf, total and root, chlorophyll content, of plant height and leaf area. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and when significant regression, both 5% probability. In general, the further development of variable of leaves green weight and total dry mass of leaves, root and total of number leaves and leaf area was observed in the soil water tension of 15 kPa. The biggest plant height and chlorophyll content was checked with application 66.75 and 107.67 mg dm-3 of nitrogen, respectively. The root dry weight decreased with increasing nitrogen fertilization. The chlorophyll content and root dry weight showed interaction between the water tension in the soil and the nitrogen.
Algodoeiro fertirrigado com nitrogênio via gotejamento
(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2019-02-28) Silva, Paula Caroline Lima; Silva, Tonny José Araújo da; 781.203.064-49; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0651075688988405; Silva, Tonny José Araújo da; 781.203.064-49; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0651075688988405; Silva, Edna Maria Bonfim da; 960.432.454-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8660058048761423; Duarte, Thiago Franco; 011.291.431.47; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7076042826792327; Ferraz, André Pereira Freire; 079.066.346-30; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0500595014121582
The production of cotton in Brazil has a great worldwide prominence with the predominance of dry crop, in few studies on the irrigated cotton. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of cotton fertigation with nitrogen via drip irrigation. The study was carried out in the experimental area of the Graduate Program in Agricultural Engineering of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Rondonópolis, from June to November 2017 and May to October 2018. The experimental design was in a randomized complete block design with four replications, in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme based on the central compound with 9 treatments, with three levels of irrigation (50, 100 and 150% ETc) via drip irrigation and three levels of nitrogen fertilization (20, 110 and 200% of 155 kg ha-1 ) via fertigation. The analyzed variables were phytometric, productive characteristics and quality of the cotton plume. The variables were submitted to statistical analysis on the response surface using software R, up to the 5% probability level. Not meeting the selection criteria of the response surface model, we studied the isolated effects and interaction of the factors through the polynomial regression analysis. In the year 2017, no significant difference was observed for the surface response model for plant height at 67.82 and 97 DAE, SPAD chlorophyll index at 67.82, 112, 127 and 142 DAE, cotton yield at cotton seed yield and fiber yield. Nitrogen fertilization of 200% N (310 kg ha-1 ) provided higher plant height (53.63 cm) at 67 DAE, SPAD chlorophyll index (54.06) at 97 DAE, cotton yield at (514.14 kg ha-1 ), cotton yield in feather (241.13 kg ha-1 ) and water use efficiency (2.30 kg ha-1 mm -1 ). The irrigation of 110% ETc provided higher cotton seed yield (469.34 kg ha-1 ) and feather (234.00 kg ha-1 ). In the year 2018, all variables were adjusted to the surface model of responses, except stem diameter at 55 DAE, SPAD chlorophyll index at 70 DAE and fiber yield in the two years of cultivation. Nitrogen fertilization and irrigation have a positive influence on herbaceous cotton production with significant gains in its production.
Algodoeiro fertirrigado por gotejamento sob doses de nitrogênio, lâminas de água e espaçamentos de plantio
(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2015-12-15) Sousa, Jackelinne Valéria Rodrigues; Silva, Tonny José Araújo da; 781.203.064-49; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0651075688988405; Silva, Tonny José Araújo da; 781.203.064-49; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0651075688988405; Silva, Edna Maria Bonfim da; 960.432.454-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8660058048761423; Teixeira, Marconi Batista; 028.530.536-01; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6394236673481626; Guimarães, Salomão Lima; 925.317.505-25; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9250168755115649
In Brazil, research on irrigation in cotton are still quite scarce. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the development and productivity of upland cotton grown in Cerrado Oxisol due to the nitrogen fertilization, irrigation levels and crop spacings. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in the experimental area of the Master's Degree in Agricultural Engineering from the Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT/CUR). The experimental design was randomized blocks in Box-Behnken design. This planning is based on experiments with balanced incomplete block containing factors with three levels (low, intermediate, high). The variables were evaluated statistically with analysis of response surface, totaling 15 treatments and 4 replications (blocks). The treatments were: three cultivation spacing (dense – 40 cm, intermediate - 70 cm and conventional - 100 cm), three doses of nitrogen fertilizer fertigation (low dose - 31 kg ha-1, intermediate dose - 171 kg ha-1 and High dose - 310 kg ha-1) and three irrigation levels via drip subsurface (severe - 30% of the demand of ETc, intermediate - 90% and water surplus - 150%).Growing gaps were defined according to current recommendations of the productive system for cotton in Mato Grosso, the treatment of fertigation was based on the recommendation for cotton growing, according to the soil fertility analysis. The irrigation levels were applied with reference to the irrigation levels were applied with reference to the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) calculated from the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimated by the Penman-Monteith method (FAO). crop evapotranspiration (ETc) calculated from the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimated by the Penman-Monteith method (FAO). Daily surveys were conducted of the growth stage of the plant and Ratings at 45, 75 and 105 days after sowing (DAS) for plant height and SPAD chlorophyll content. After harvest (141 days) were evaluated: number of bolls per plant, boll weight, dry weight of cotton, dry mass of reproductive structure, shoot dry mass, lump in productivity and feather, fiber yield and HVI features (High Volume Instrument). The results were analyzed in response surface through software "SigmaXL® 7.0". There was no significant interaction between irrigation levels, nitrogen levels and growing gaps for plant height and SPAD chlorophyll index at 45 DAS, boll weight, dry weight of boll, dry mass of reproductive structure, fiber yield and characteristics HVI. Nitrogen fertilization increases plant height at 75 and 105 DAS, number of bolls, dry weight of shoot and seed productivity. The SPAD chlorophyll index was positively influenced by the irrigation depth to 75 DAS and also by nitrogen fertilization to 105 DAS. Productivity plume was higher when applied blade 150%. Efficiency in water use showed better results on slide 30%. The maximum yield of cotton seed (2459 kg ha-1) was obtained in 169.2% nitrogen level. For all variables, we obtained better responses in dense and intermediate cultivation. The irrigation management, crop spacing and the nitrogen fertilization provides gains in cotton yield, positively influencing the development of cotton plants grown in Oxisol in the Cerrado.
Amendoim inoculado com estirpes de rizóbio em latossolo do Cerrado mato-grossense
(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2017-02-24) Almeida, Milly Siqueira Cardinal de; Guimarães, Salomão Lima; 925.317.505-25; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9250168755115649; Guimarães, Salomão Lima; 925.317.505-25; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9250168755115649; Silva, Edna Maria Bonfim da; 960.432.454-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8660058048761423; Sousa, Helon Hébano de Freitas; 921.030.733-04; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0260028844768887
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), is widely used in human consumption, consumed worldwide, has high nutritional value and energy can around 40 to 50% of unsaturated oils. Because it is a legume, it obtains greater part of nitrogen the atmosphere, through the Biological Fixation of Nitrogen, which is the association, these plants with bacteria known as rhizobia. The technique of inoculating peanut seeds with bacteria has been responsible for significant cost savings, as well as greater sustainability in agricultural production, to reduce the use of nitrogenous fertilizers. Was evaluated the effectiveness of inoculation of rhizobia strains on the development of peanut plants and their effect on nodulation along three soil layers (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm) were evaluated in this work. The conduction of this essay occurred in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of the Rondonópolis-MT. The experimental design was completely randomized with six treatments and six replicates, consisting of three strains of rhizobia (MT08 and MT15 - Rhizobium tropici, and MT16 - R. leguminosarum), one commercial inoculant (SEMIA 6144) and two controls. An absolute witness (without fertilization) and another with nitrogen fertilization (50 mg dm-3 of urea). The variables height of the plants, Falker chlorophyll index at 30 and 50 days after emergence (DAE), number of nodules, dry mass of nodules, dry mass of grains, sheet dry mass, dry mass of roots, dry mass Total, N-total sheet and grains, crude protein of the grains. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the treatments were compared using orthogonal contrast using the statistical program SISVAR. Peanut significantly responded to treatments with inoculant from the rhizobia strains, the best being obtained with the MT15 strain in the variables Falker chlorophyll index (at 30 days after emergence), number of nodules, shoot dry mass, dry mass of Roots, total dry mass, nitrogen accumulation in the grains and relative efficiency. In the variables dry mass of nodules and weight of 100 seeds, the strain that presented better performance was the MT16. For the Falker chlorophyll index (50 days after emergence), nitrogen accumulation in the aerial part, nitrogen concentration in the grains and crude protein content of the grains, the plants fertilized with mineral nitrogen presented superior performance to the other treatments. The number of nodules, dry mass of nodules and dry mass of roots analyzed separately per layer showed higher values in the 0-10 cm layer. It was concluded that the strains showed potential for use as an inoculant for peanuts, especially MT15, and that most of the nodulation occurs in the first two layers of 0-10cm and 10-20cm in depth.
Amendoim inoculado com rizóbio e coinoculado com Azospirillum brasilense em solo com e sem compactação
(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2018-07-12) Neves, Laura Cristina Rezende das; Guimarães, Salomão Lima; 925.317.505-25; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9250168755115649; Guimarães, Salomão Lima; 925.317.505-25; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9250168755115649; Koetz, Marcio; 892.874.600-00; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8918968565917194; Canuto, Erineudo de Lima; 740.472.643-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0853144858345068
Peanut is a legume rich in oil, vitamins, proteins, minerals, and is used for various purposes. Studies for this crop are important to verify the degree of adaptation and the productive capacity of the peanut when subjected to some stress, such as compaction. Compaction causes a number of problems, such as hinders the absorption of water and nutrients by plants. An alternative to minimize the impacts of this process is the use of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms and plant growth promoters, with the purpose of evaluating whether isolated or combined inoculation could bring beneficial effects to peanuts in compacted soil. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of inoculation with rhizobia and the co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on peanut cultivated in Cerrado Oxisol with and without compaction. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a randomized block design in a 5x2 factorial scheme, with 4 replications, totaling 40 vessels. The treatments were composed of commercial peanut inoculant (Bradyrhizobium elkanii, strain SEMIA 6144); strain MT 15 (Rhizobium tropici); MT 15 + commercial inoculant with A. brasilense; nitrogen control and absolute control (without NPK and micronutrients and without inoculation) in soil with and without compaction. The variables analyzed were plant height, leaf number, number of branches per plant, stem diameter, Falker chlorophyll index, shoot dry weight, root dry matter per layer and total dry mass, dry mass ratio aerial part by root dry matter, root volume per layer and total, number and dry mass of nodules per layer and total, number of pods, number of grains, dry mass of the grains, nitrogen concentration in shoot and in the grains, crude protein and accumulation of nitrogen in the aerial part and in the grains. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and when significant to the Tukey test up to 5% of probability by means of the SISVAR Statistical Program. The inoculation with the MT15 strain and the co-inoculation with A. brasilense provided the peanut crop with good performance in relation to the phytometric characteristics, productive and related to the biological nitrogen fixation efficiency in compacted and uncompacted soil.
Aplicação de material de mudança de fase como armazenador de energia térmica em sistema de secagem solar
(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2021-08-30) Silva, Thiago Aurélio Arruda; Alves, Niédja Marizze Cezar; 010.043.454-10; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9661006374047977; Alves, Niédja Marizze Cezar; 010.043.454-10; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9661006374047977; Koetz, Marcio; 892.874.600-00; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8918968565917194; Oliveira, Maria da Conceição Trindade Bezerra e; 057.504.474-80; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4028199517123822; Silva, Débora Rafaelly Soares; 051.524.284-58; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8315394281217758
The drying process has been employed by human beings since the dawn of civilizations and it has become essential in industrial and food preservation processes. Among the drying methods, solar drying has been commonly discussed in the literature in recent years as a sustainable and low-cost option, despite its disadvantages, especially due to its intermittent nature. As a measure to mitigate this limitation, heat storage systems are applied in solar drying in order to accumulate heat during the day and continue dehydration at night or cloudy periods. Latent accumulation has been shown to be promising through the use of so-called phase change materials. Among these products, biological materials such as vegetable waxes stand out, as they are a sustainable alternative to paraffin. Brazil, being a country with a high incidence of solar irradiation, has the potential for solar drying through heat storage. In view of this, the general objective of the present work was to study the application of biological phase change materials in solar drying, in the Brazilian Midwest region. In order to meet the specific objectives, this work was divided into three chapters, as follows: Chapter 01 – assess the feasibility of using biological phase change materials in solar drying systems; Chapter 02 – evaluate the performance of a solar dryer with a latent heat thermal energy storage system, based on biological material; Chapter 03 – determine the drying kinetics curves of native product, with latent heat accumulation in solar drying and recommend a better fit mathematical model. The first study evaluated the use of type 3 carnauba, soy, palm and paraffin waxes as latent heat storage. Palm wax proved to be more promising for this purpose, with a melting temperature range more adjusted to solar drying, accumulating 239.04 J per gram of product. The second chapter addressed the construction and evaluation of the thermal performance of a conventional indirect solar dryer and one with heat storage, based on palm wax. In this, the dryer with thermal storage system, presented, on the day of best performance, the maximum temperature of 82.7 °C, average thermal efficiency of 103.97% and average mass efficiency of 67.68%. In the third chapter, nine mathematical models were adjusted to the data of drying kinetics of cashew nuts, in a solar dryer with thermal energy storage, using palm wax, and in a conventional indirect solar dryer. The Diffusion Approximation model better fit the drying curves of the first equipment, while Cavalcanti and Mata's model fits the second one. On June 15th and 16th, the dryer with storage showed higher estimated drying rates than the dryer with the absence of this thermal mechanism. Finally, the drying method, with thermal energy storage, based on biological phase change materials, demonstrated superior characteristics to paraffin, especially with regard to palm wax. This wax had a greater adaptation to the climatic conditions of the Midwest Region. The dryer with palm wax presented better performance, being possible to be used in products from family farming.
Aprendizado profundo aplicado na pulverização seletiva em tempo real para controle de Ipomoea spp.
(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2020-07-21) Sabóia, Hederson de Souza; Mion, Renildo Luiz; 034.525.757-05; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8030830142710133; Mion, Renildo Luiz; 034.525.757-05; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8030830142710133; Mamiya, Arthur Akira; 036.798.601-96; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5006163362115559; Cunha, Joao Paulo Arantes Rodrigues da; 770.850.001-04; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2050122023035025; Resmini, Roger; 024.858.979-21; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9564155797807373
The culture of soybean and cotton have great importance in the Brazilian economic scenario, both are commodities that move billions of reais per year in exports. The importance is demonstrated in the increased in planted areas and production year after year, keeping the country between the world ́s largest producers of crops. The weed management are of paramount importance, to achieve greater productivity year after year. However, due to the incorrect use of controls, mainly of herbicides, it has been causing resistance of some biotypes to the most popular active ingredients. Among the plants that have been representing resistance/ tolerance are those of the genus Ipomoea spp., most popularly known as Morning Glory. These plants affect soybean and cotton crops throughout their cycle, affecting their productivity. In this context, the object of this work was to evaluate the implementation of two object detection algorithms in real time (Faster R-CNN and YOLOv3), and to develop an embedded system for selective spraying of herbicides. Morning Glory plants in crops soybean and cotton, in the Cerrado Matogrossense. The project was developed at the Agricultural machinery laboratory of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, campus of Rondonopolis. The algorithms were trained to detect three classes (Soybean, Morning Glory and cotton) and evaluated in terms of precision and recall in the laboratory and field. The laboratory results of the Faster R-CNN algorithm showed results with an average accuracy of 87.20% and recall 77.20%, while the YOLOv3 tiny showed 81.16% accuracy and recall 68.00%. In the field tests, Faster R-CNN showed better results in comparison to YOLOv3 tiny in both modules analyzed, showing weed control average of 81.70% in cotton and 77.00% in soybean. The YOLOv3 tiny did not present satisfactory results in the field, presenting results less than 21.00% in the control of Morning Glory, present in the modules. The spray precision results of the Faster R-CNN demonstrate that object detection algorithms in real time for the selective control of post-emergent Morning Glory weeds in soybean and cotton crops.
Atividade biológica em um latossolo sob pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha adubada com cinza vegetal
(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2021-08-26) Reis, Christian Matheus Alves; Guimarães, Salomão Lima; 925.317.505-25; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9250168755115649; Guimarães, Salomão Lima; 925.317.505-25; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9250168755115649; Silva, Edna Maria Bonfim da; 960.432.454-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8660058048761423; Campos, Daniela Tiago da Silva; 823.324.871-15; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9325411594216293
In the state of Mato Grosso, agriculture is the main economic activity, as it contributes strongly to the development of the region. The agricultural sector continues to expand and the use of new technologies to promote a balance between production and soil quality becomes increasingly necessary. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the biological and enzymatic activity in a soil under a pasture area in the process of implantation and fertilized with wood ash. The experiment was installed in the experimental field of the Federal University of Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis-MT, under pasture that was established in 2018, with a randomized block design, 5x2 factorial scheme, consisting of 5 doses of wood ash (0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 t ha-1 ), two forms of application of wood ash (incorporated and non-incorporated), arranged in strips, totaling 10 treatments, with four replications. Soil samples, classified as Dystrophic Red Latosol, were collected at a depth of 0-0,10 m and in two periods (dry and rainy), in the first year of pasture implantation. Four soil samples referring to the native forest were collected to use as a reference, as it is a preserved environment. The evaluation of microbial activity and soil quality were measured using biological attributes such as: carbon and nitrogen from microbial biomass, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, diazotrophic bacteria and the enzyme acid phosphatase. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using the R computer program, with F test for analysis of variance, regression test for gray doses and Tukey test for application management at 1%, 5% and 10% significance levels. The results showed a significant interaction for the metabolic quotient in both periods, showing better results with the doses of ash corresponding to 0 and 8 t ha-1 with non-incorporated management, and diazotrophic bacteria, specifically the NFb and JNFb mediums for the dry period, with the dose of 8 t ha-1 of ash incorporated into the soil. The acid phosphatase showed better results for non-incorporated management, with doses below 24 t ha-1 of ash. Biomass carbon and diazotrophic bacteria present in the the JMV culture medium showed an isolated effect for the doses of wood ash, while biomass nitrogen and basal respiration showed an isolated effect for the applied management. The use of wood ash showed a positive effect on soil quality, increasing soil microbial biomass and acid phosphatase enzyme activity.
Atributos físicos de solo e de planta em consórcios de milho e gramíneas forrageiras
(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2017-02-21) Calábria, Zieglenristen Karswegaard Pereira; Guedes Filho, Osvaldo; 051.741.086-93; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9177335062472972; Guedes Filho, Osvaldo; 051.741.086-93; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9177335062472972; Souza, Edicarlos Damacena de; 719.200.561-49; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6843055362772781; Tormena, Cássio Antonio; 461.270.389-87; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6153245473064736
The corn and forage grasses intercropping presents to be a viable option for Cerrado region, because the resulting accumulated straw that favour the soil aggregation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the soil physical quality in an Oxisol cultivated with corn and forage grasses intercropping under no tillage in Cerrado region. The experiment carried out in area belonging to Mato Grosso Federal University (UFMT), Campus of Rondonópilis, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block with seven treatments: corn + Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, corn + Urochloa ruziziensis, corn + Urochloa humidicola, corn + Urochloa decumbens, corn + Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia, corn + Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça and corn without intercropping, alocated in three replications, totalizing 21 plots. The evaluated characteristics in forage grasses were: aerial dry matter, root dry matter and soil covering; in the corn crop were: initial and final stand, height insertion of the first spike, stem diameter, grain production, 1000 grain weight, chlorophyll index and soil covering. The following soil physical properties were determined: bulk density, compactness degree, aggregate stability, tensile strength, friability and the least limiting water range. Soil sampling was done at 0 to 0.10 and 0.10 to 0.20 m soil depth. There was no influence of forage grasses intercropping in the corn growth and production. The forage grass P. maximum cv. Tanzania presented better results of dry matter and soil covering. Along the short time of the evaluated intercropping systems it was observed a positive effect in soil physical properties. The corn and U. ruziziensis intercropping resulted in reduction of bulk density and compaction degree; and increasing of the aggregate stability and least limiting water range. The corn and forage grasses intercropping under no tillage may be indicated for Cerrado region to soil covering and improvement of soil physical properties.
Atributos físicos, fisiológicos e sanitários de sementes de cártamo submetidas a condições de colheita, tratamento e armazenamento
(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2015-12-12) Cláudio, Aguinaldo Antonio; Alves, Niédja Marizze Cezar; 010.043.454-10; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9661006374047977; Polizel, Analy Castilho; 038.896.476-69; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0565510253501855; Polizel, Analy Castilho; 038.896.476-69; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0565510253501855; Alves, Niédja Marizze Cezar; 010.043.454-10; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9661006374047977; Sousa, Helon Hébano de Freitas; 921.030.733-04; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0260028844768887
The Safflower (Cartamos tinctorius L.), can be an alternative source for renewable energy production that generates less impact to the environment as well as being a culture that can be used in human and animal food. There are few studies in the literature brasilian, about the potential of this culture. This study aimed to evaluate different conditions of harvest, treatment and storage of safflower seeds as to the physical, physiological and sanitary attributes. The experiment was conduted in Soil and Crop Production and bromatology Laboratories of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Campus Rondonópolis. The Safflower seeds used were haversted in July 2014 in Primavera do Leste- MT. The experimental design was completely randomized design (CRD) were performed, with five replications in factorial scheme 5x2 (temperatures and packaging), 2x2 (crop rotations and cultivars) and 5x5 (doses of fungicide and storage period). The following tests were performed for evaluation of the physical attributes of the seeds: water content in the seed, weight of a thousand seeds and hectoliter weight. To evaluate the physiological attributes were performed germination, tetrazolium, accelerated aging, seedling length and electrical conductivity of the seed. To evaluate the sanitary attribute was performed "Blotter" test. Analysis of variance were made using F test and the averages were compared using Tukey test at 5% probability. The paper packaging, at the temperature of 20° C, provided greater conservation of the seed. The rotation of 692 rpm resulted in higher mechanical damage to the seeds.
Capim marandu submetido à inoculação com bactérias diazotróficas associativas em latossolo vermelho de cerrado
(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2013-12-09) Santos, Carolina Silva Alves dos; Guimarães, Salomão Lima; 925.317.505-25; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9250168755115649; Guimarães, Salomão Lima; 925.317.505-25; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9250168755115649; Campos, Daniela Tiago da Silva; 823.324.871-15; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9325411594216293; Silva, Edna Maria Bonfim da; 960.432.454-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8660058048761423; Canuto, Erineudo de Lima; 740.472.643-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0853144858345068
Due to the quest for ways more viable and economical of supply nitrogen for the forage grasses, inoculation with associative endophytic diazotrophic bacteria is a potential alternative, because it contributes positively to the nutrition of plants, reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizers and will benefiting thus the adoption of this technology in the agricultural environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate nutrition, development and production of grass marandu submitted to the inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria in Oxisol of Cerrado. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Campus of Rondonópolis, from December 2012 to March 2013, with a completely randomized design, composed by six treatments (three strains belonging to the collection of crops, similar to the Azospirillum amazonense, Herbaspirillum spp., and Burkholderia spp., respectively, and one commercial inoculant (formed by the composition of the strains ABV-5 and ABV-6 Azospirillum brasilense) completes fertilization (N, P, K, at doses of 100, 200 and 150 mg dm-3 respectively), control (no nitrogen and without inoculation) and five replications. Each parcel was composed per a vase of 8 dm3, totaling 30 parcels. The sowing was carried with fifteen seeds per pot, leaving themselves posteriorly five plants per pot. The inoculation was made by mean of the insertion of an aliquot of 3 mL of bacterial broth containing 108 cells ml-1 in the soil near the root area of each plant. Were perfomed three cuts in shoot of the plants at intervals of 30 days. After each cut, was taken the re-inoculation of the bacteria, so as to the nitrogen and potassium fertilization. The variables analyzed were plant height, number of leaves and tillers, dry mass of leaves and tillers, chlorophyll content Falker, pH of the soil, relation leaf/stem, relation shoot/root and concentration of nitrogen in the shoots and roots and concentration of crude protein. The results weresubmitted to analysis of variance and for separation of averages was used Tukey test at 5% probability of error. Significant effects were isolated and significant interaction between inoculation and cuts for most variables, with the bacteria that stood out were similar to strains of Burkholderia spp, Amazon Azospirillum and Herbaspirillum spp bacteria. with higher average dry mass of shoots (26.6, 22.05 and 22.75) compared to the control treatment.Therefore the inoculation of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu with diazotrophic bacteria can contribute positively in their nutrition, production and development suggesting that the use of inoculants may be promising in reducing of the application of nitrogen fertilizers employed on forage grasses.
Capim Xaraés inoculado com bactérias diazotróficas associativas
(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2014-12-05) Bosa, Christiane Kamila; Guimarães, Salomão Lima; 925.317.505-25; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9250168755115649; Guimarães, Salomão Lima; 925.317.505-25; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9250168755115649; Polizel, Analy Castilho; 038.896.476-69; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0565510253501855; Canuto, Erineudo de Lima; 740.472643-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0853144858345068
The objective was to evaluate the inoculation of associative diazotrophs bacteria with Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés in the first cultivation in the Cerrado Oxisol. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the University Campus RondonópolisMT. The experimental design was completely randomized factorial consisting of 7x3, corresponding to seven treatments: three strains of associative diazotrophs bacteria (MTAz8, MTH2 and Y2), a combination of strains MTAz8 and MTH2, nitrogen fertilization (with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), witness (free of inoculation and nitrogen, but with phosphorus and potassium) here called control (no N) and absolute control (without inoculation and fertilization), and three cuts(30, 60 and 90 days) in five replications. The inoculation was performed by inserting an aliquot of 5 ml of the bacterial broth containing 108 ml-1 cells in the soil near the root zone of each plant. After each cut, was made the re-inoculation of bacteria, as well as nitrogen and potassium fertilization. There was a significant interaction effect between inoculation and cuts for most variables, the bacteria that stood out were the strains Y2 and MTH2, with increases in total dry mass of the aerial part of (8,66 and 7,27%) when compared to control without inoculation and nitrogen, even not among them. The higher nitrogen accumulation was observed in N fertilization growing over the cuts, while the inoculated treatments and control (no N) did not differ, and decreased over the cuts. Therefore, it is concluded that the nutritional characteristics, crude protein and nitrogen concentration and accumulation in Xaraés grass declined with cuts were carried to the sixty and ninety days of cultivation. The dry matter production of Xaraés grass inoculated showed an average increase of 11,32% compared treatments inoculated control without nitrogen and inoculation. The bacterial strains studied showed low competition with the microorganisms in the soil and among the bacteria studied the Y2 and MTH2 strains showed potential for FBN in association with the xaraés grass at first crop in the Cerrado Oxisol.
Características fitométricas de trigo adubado com nitrogênio : potássio e nitrogênio : enxofre no cerrado mato-grossense
(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2020-02-28) Paula, Raphael Pereira França de; Silva, Edna Maria Bonfim da; 960.432.454-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8660058048761423; Silva, Edna Maria Bonfim da; 960.432.454-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8660058048761423; Oliveira, Maria Aparecida Peres de; 975.423.931-20; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8667237742538392; Nunes, João Ângelo Silva; 012.065.511-00; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3575958560852266
The wheat crop has been cultivated mainly in the southern region of Brazil, with the potential to expand to other regions such as the Midwest. High yields have been achieved in this region, due to genetic improvement, where cultivars are developed adapted to the region's climate and through fertilization management. The Cerrado soils have low natural fertility, however, with the correction of soil acidity and the application of fertilizers there is an increase in the productivity of agricultural crops. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the phytometric characteristics of irrigated wheat fertilized with combinations of nitrogen and potassium and nitrogen and sulfur in two consecutive years of cultivation in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso. Two experiments were carried out simultaneously: experiment 1: nitrogen / potassium combinations and experiment 2: nitrogen / sulfur in the years 2018 and 2019, in the experimental area of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Campus de Rondonópolis. The statistical design used was in randomized blocks in a fractional 52 factorial scheme. In the first experiment five doses of nitrogen (0, 70, 140, 210 and 280 kg ha-1 ) were used with five doses of potassium (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1 ) and in the second experiment five doses were used nitrogen (0, 70, 140, 210 and 280 kg ha-1 ) with five sulfur doses (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg ha-1 ), with four replications. The analyzed variables corresponding to the growth and development of wheat plants occurred at 15, 30 and 45 days after emergence (DAE), evaluating plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, lodging, ear length, ear diameter and stalk length in the two years of cultivation. The response variables were subjected to analysis of variance and regression test, both with up to 5% probability of error by Software R (R Core TEAM, 2018). The phytometric characteristics of Cultivar BRS 394 were influenced by the doses of nitrogen: potassium and nitrogen: sulfur applied to the soil. Combinations of nitrogen doses from 187.86 to 262.22 kg ha-1 combined with potassium doses from 74.62 to 183.92 kg ha-1 , provide the best responses to the evaluated phytometric and productive variables. And the combinations of nitrogen doses from 204.83 to 265.49 kg ha-1 with sulfur doses ranging from 3.16 to 131.76 kg ha-1 , provide the maximum results of the analyzed variables. Thus, nitrogen fertilization influenced by doses of potassium and sulfur applied to the soil, provide the best results for the cultivation of wheat cultivar BRS 394 grown in Cerrado mato grossense.
Características produtivas e fitométricas de capim marandu em recuperação com doses de cinza vegetal e formas de aplicação
(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2017-02-08) Espirito Santo, Éllen Souza do; Silva, Edna Maria Bonfim da; 960.432.454-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8660058048761423; Silva, Edna Maria Bonfim da; 960.432.454-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8660058048761423; Koetz, Marcio; 892.874.600-00; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8918968565917194; Sousa, Helon Hébano de Freitas; 921.030.733-04; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0260028844768887; Duarte, Thiago Franco; 011.291.431.47; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7076042826792327
The recovery pasture degradation is needed to prevent opening up new areas and increase productivity. The use of wood ash as an alternative fertilizer is a way to reduce the costs of recovery systems in addition to targeting the solid waste. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive, phytometric and chlorophyll index of Marandu grass in recovery with doses of wood ash and forms of application of the residue in pasture grown in Typic Quartzipsamment. The experiment was conducted on field in an area cultivated with Marandu grass, at the Instituto Mato-Grossense do Algodão (IMA). The experiment was conducted in the rainy season for two consecutive years (2015 and 2016). Six doses of wood ash (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 t ha-1 ) were applied with two forms of application, not incorporated and incorporated into the soil with light offset disk harrow. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with four replications. The main experimental units (8x30m) received the doses of wood ash, while the application form was allocated to the subplots (8x15m). Nitrogen fertilization was 100 kg ha-1 using as urea source, carried out in two years. Four cuttings of the plant material were carried out, with 30 days intervals, the first one being carried out after 30 days of the application of the wood ash. The cuts were performed using a base rectangle in the dimensions of 1.00X0.25 m, with a height of 5 cm, cast in the useful area of each subplot. The variables analyzed were: chlorophyll index, plant height, number of leaves and tillers, shoot dry mass, leaves and stems + sheaths and dry mass accumulation in the two years of pasture recovery. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and when significant the doses of wood ash were submitted regression analysis and the form of application of the residue to Tukey test, both up to 5% of probability, through the statistical program SISVAR. The productive characteristics of pasture in recovery were positively influenced by the fertilization with wood ash at doses above 15 t ha-1 when incorporated into the soil in the production of dry mass of the aerial part and for dry mass of leaves the management that stood out was the not incorporated. The phytometric characteristics obtained better results in the doses of wood ash above 9.86 t ha-1 in the handling incorporated for the height of plants and not incorporated for number of tillers, the other variables were influenced in the doses of wood ash up to 15 t ha -1 . The doses and the forms of application of vegetal ash influenced the development of the forage grass in the two years of evaluations of the experiment.
Características produtivas e nutricionais de gramíneas forrageiras em condições de excesso e déficit hídrico
(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2013-01-12) Kroth, Bruna Elusa; Silva, Edna Maria Bonfim da; 960.432.454-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8660058048761423; Silva, Edna Maria Bonfim da; 960.432.454-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8660058048761423; Koetz, Marcio; 892.874.600-00; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8918968565917194; Teixeira, Marconi Batista; 028.530.536-01; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6394236673481626
The drought and the flooding can cause reduction in the availability and quality of pastures. The objective was to evaluate the development of three cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha under soil water availability. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the University Campus Rondonópolis. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3x3 factorial with three cultivars brizantha (cv. Marandu, cv. Piatã and cv. Xaraés)and three water availability, being flooded soil (0 kPa), field capacity (10 kPa, control) and drought (50 kPa), 5 replicates. The soil used was Fluvic, being held fertilization with phosphorus and potassium in doses of 250 and 100 mg dm-3, respectively, and applied 200 mg dm-3 nitrogen applications in four installments. Evaluations were performed at 45, 75 and 105 days of treatment installation. The variables studied were plant height, chlorophyll content, number of leaves, dry weight of leaves, stems, shoots and roots, leaf/stem ratio, relative dry mass of shoots and roots, soil pH and concentration nitrogen. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test at 5% probability by statistical program SISVAR. The Marandu was the most tolerant to flooding, followed by Piatã. The Xaraés proved to be much more sensitive to drought and the flooding. The highest concentration of nitrogen occurred in the treatment of water deficit. The cultivar with the highest nitrogen concentration was the Piatã, however not the deferred Xaraés.
Cinza vegetal como corretivo e fertilizante no cultivo de capim-marandu em solos do cerrado mato-grossense
(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2013-12-06) Bezerra, Maria Débora Loiola; Silva, Edna Maria Bonfim da; 960.432.454-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8660058048761423; Silva, Edna Maria Bonfim da; 960.432.454-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8660058048761423; Polizel, Analy Castilho; 038.896.476-69; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0565510253501855; Silva, Ênio Farias de França e; 683.787.264-87; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1144266495720148
The vegetable ash is one alternative of fertilizant and corrective of soil positively influencing the production of marandu grass. The objective was to evaluate the response of Brachiaria brizanta cv. Marandu to the application of vegetable ash in two class of soils (Oxisol and Ultisol). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the period December 2012 to May 2013. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2x6 factorial, corresponding to two classes of soils (Oxisol and Ultisol) and six doses of vegetable ash (0; 3; 6; 9; 12 and 15 g dm-3) and six replications. We used pots with soil volume of 5 dm3 with five plants. Were made three cuts in shoot of the plants in an interval of 30 days and by occasion of each cutting was evaluated height plant, number of leaves and of tillers; shoot dry mass of leaves, stems and root (only in the third and last cut); leafs/stems ratio; SPAD reading; pH of the soil by occasion of planting and of cuts marandu grass. The results were submitted to analysis of variance by F test and when significant, the qualitative factors (soil classes) submitted to the Tukey test and the quantitative factors (doses of vegetable ash) submitted to regression analysis, both 5% probability, using the Statistical Program SISVAR. The marandu grass, in general, presented greater results in development, growth and yield when grown in Ultisol fertilized with the dose of 15 g dm-3 of vegetable ash, whereas in Oxisol were obtained in the interval of doses of vegetable ash of 9-15 g dm-3.
Cinza vegetal como corretivo e fertilizante para os capins marandu e xaraés
(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2012-11-20) Santos, Claudia Cardoso dos; Silva, Tonny José Araújo da; 781.203.064-49; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0651075688988405; Koetz, Marcio; 892.874.600-00; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8918968565917194; Silva, Edna Maria Bonfim da; 960.432.454-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8660058048761423; Silva, Edna Maria Bonfim da; 960.432.454-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8660058048761423; Polizel, Analy Castilho; 038.896.476-69; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0565510253501855; Koetz, Marcio; 892.874.600-00; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8918968565917194; Guimarães, Geovane Lima; 684.690.805-63; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6882737457949719; Silva, Tonny José Araújo da; 781.203.064-49; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0651075688988405
The vegetable ash appears as an option for owning fertilizer nutrients needed by plants that can optimize the productivity and quality of grasslands. The objective was to evaluate the production characteristics, structural and nutritional Brachiaria brizantha cultivars Marandu and Xaraés in response to doses of vegetable ash. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Campus Rondonopolis, MT. In the period from August to December 2011. The completely randomized design, consisting of a 6x2 factorial design, plant gray doses: 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 g dm-3 and two grasses with six replications. We used pots with a capacity of 7 dm-3 of soil. Soil moisture was maintained by the gravimetric method while maintaining the ability to 60% of maximum capacity. We carried out three sections of the shoots of Brachiaria brizantha at intervals of 30 days. The SPAD readings were taken every 30 days from the seeding of Brachiaria with the use of portable meter of chlorophyll content ClorofiLOG 1030. The structural productive characteristics were evaluated and nutritional: plant height, leaf number, tiller number, leaf dry, culm dry, shoot dry, root dry, relation leaf culm relation of shoot and root dry; SPAD readings, soil pH, efficient use of vegetable ash concentrations of macro and micronutrients in shoots and roots of grasses and Marandu Xaraés. All results were submitted to ANOVA and regression Tukey mean test at 5% probability, using the statistical program Sisvar. Thus, doses of vegetable ash that provided the maximum production of shoots are between 7 and 15 g dm- 3 in the three periods. Considering the whole evaluation period, there was an increase in soil pH units from 4.36 to 6.26. There is a more efficient use of the vegetable ash to produce aerial of grasses evaluated The highest concentrations of macro and micronutrients in shoots and roots of grasses are among Marandu and Xaraés are among vegetable ash levels 4 and12 g dm-3 for evaluated in three cut. However, the vegetable ash has a positive12 influence on the yield characteristics, structural and nutritional grasses and Marandu Xaraés.
Cinza vegetal e manejos de aplicação na implantação e manutenção de pastagem de Urochloa brizantha no cerrado mato-grossense
(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2020-10-28) Simeon, Bency G.; Ferraz, André Pereira Freire; 079.066.364-30; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0500595014121582; Silva, Edna Maria Bonfim da; 960.432.454-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8660058048761423; Silva, Edna Maria Bonfim da; 960.432.454-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8660058048761423; Guimarães, Salomão Lima; 925.317.505-25; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9250168755115649; Silva, Tonny José Araújo da; 781.203.064-49; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0651075688988405; Sousa, Helon Hébano de Freitas; 921.030.733-04; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0260028844768887
The growth and proper management of forage plants represent a basis for the implementation of efficient farm animals’ production systems. In this sense, the Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster cv. BRS Paiaguás presents an important alternative for the production of forage in the Brazilian Cerrado. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of wood ash in two forms of application (incorporated and not incorporated into the soil), as fertilizer and soil correction in Paiaguás grass pasture in Cerrado MatoGrossense. The experiment was carried out in the field, at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis campus. The design used was complete randomized blocks, with four replications, in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to five doses of wood ash: 0; 8; 16; 24 and 32 t ha-1 , which comprised the main plots (6 x 12 m), and two forms of application (wood ash incorporated and not incorporated into the soil), which corresponded to the subplots (6 x 6 m), which were arranged banded. Three cuts from the pasture were realized in the years of implantation and maintenance for evaluating the forage grass and soil, in the first and second year of conducting the experiment. In each harvest, soil attributes, soil cover, SPAD, plant height (cm), number of leaves, number of tillers, leaf area index (IAF), leaf / stem ratio, dry leaf mass ( t ha-1 ), dry stem mass (t ha-1 ), root dry mass (t ha-1 ) production and dry mass (t ha1 ). The data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression (p≤0.05). The best results regarding the development of pasture in the year of implantation were: greater height in the third cut 90.78 cm in the incorporated form and in the dose of 24.62 t ha-1 and 87.91 cm in the form not incorporated in the dose of 20.07 t ha-1 ) and forage production of 8,15,10,63 and 7,39 t MS ha-1 , successively in the three cuts, with the incorporation of wood ash into the soil between doses of 16 to 24 t ha-1 . In the second year (maintenance period), dry matter production was 7.46, 7.30 and 12.76 t MS ha-1 , between doses of 20 and 25 t ha-1 . Wood ash increased the dry mass production of Paiaguás grass and its incorporation increased the soil pH from 3.7 in the control dose to 6.66 in the 32 t ha-1 dose in the first 30 days of the year of implantation of the experiment. Wood ash can be considered a source of nutrients for forage grasses and a more economical alternative for correcting soil acidity in the savannah of Mato Grosso.
Cinza vegetal e umidade do solo no cultivo do gladíolo
(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2014-12-04) Pereira, Marcel Thomas Job; Silva, Edna Maria Bonfim da; 960.432.454-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8660058048761423; Silva, Tonny José Araújo da; 781.203.064-49; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0651075688988405; Silva, Tonny José Araújo da; 781.203.064-49; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0651075688988405; Silva, Edna Maria Bonfim da; 960.432.454-34; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8660058048761423; Silva, Cláudio Ricardo da; 101.564.588-70; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0331366888147860
The fertilizer management through the use of residue from the plant material burns, associated with irrigation management has demonstrated a sustainable strategy to increase production of ornamental plants in the greenhouse. The objective was to evaluate the development of gladiolus submitted to doses of wood ash and water soil contents in Cerrado Oxisol. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions, from April to September 2014, the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Campus Rondonopolis. The experimental design was randomized blocks, arranged in factorial 5x5, totaling 25 treatments with four replications. The treatments consisted of five doses of wood ash (0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 g dm-3) and five volumetric soil moisture (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35%). The irrigation management was carried out with the use of portable probe Diviner 2000. The species used was Gladiolus x grandiflorus L., cultivar White Friendship. Were evaluated: plant height, number of leaves, chlorophyll index (SPAD reading), dry weight of shoot and root, floral spike and floral stem length, flower diameter, flower number, number of days to flowering, diameter and weight corm and number of cormilhos. The results were analyzed in response surface through the use of "Statistical Analysis System". Observed was quadratic response for flower diameter (11.61 g dm-3); Flower number (11.64 g dm-3); number of days to flowering (8 g dm-3). For the growth of gladiolus (height, number of leaves and dry weight of shoots), the ideal moisture range was between 26 to 29%; for flower production (floral spike length and floral stem, and flower number), in the range of 31 to 34%; to produce corms in moisture of 28%. The best results for chlorophyll index and stem length and floral spike, weight and corms diameter depend on the combination of vegetable ash doses of soil moisture at appropriate levels. The doses wood ash increases the pH and water retention capacity of the soil. The moisture near field capacity provided the best results of production and development of Gladiolus White Friendship in Oxisol of the Cerrado.
Consorciação de culturas de cobertura na safrinha em sistema de produção de soja : fitomassa e ciclagem de nutrientes
(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2019-02-26) Feitosa, Priscilla Barros; Pacheco, Leandro Pereira; 986.520.871-72; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4926743824358076; Pacheco, Leandro Pereira; 986.520.871-72; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4926743824358076; Souza, Edicarlos Damacena de; 719.200.561-49; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6843055362772781; Cabral, Carlos Eduardo Avelino; 019.717.471-06; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6739111102181898
The practice of intercropping of cover crops promotes the diversity of phytomass residues for no-tillage that, in addition to increasing the productivity of soybeans, improves the physical, chemical and biological attributes of the soil. The objective was to evaluate the phytomass production, accumulation and release of nutrients promoted by cropping systems with cover crops and grain yield of soybeans grown in succession. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Campus Rondonópolis-MT, in the 2017/18 harvest. The systems were arranged in a randomized block design, with seven systems with cover plants in succession to the soybean and three replicates, being: Fallow in no-tillage; Pennisetum glaucum; Crotalaria spectabilis; Urochloa ruziziensis; P. glaucum + U. ruziziensis; P. glaucum + C. spectabilis; C. spectabilis + U. ruziziensis. The phytomass accumulation was evaluated in the flowering and senescence of the crops and, now of desiccation in pre-sowing of soybean. The soil cover rate as well as the nutrient cycling provided by the systems were evaluated at desiccation at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after desiccation. Soya was grown in succession to the cover crops and grain yield was quantified. U. ruziziensis showed higher phytomass production at desiccation, followed by C. spectabilis + U. ruziziensis. In general, the systems with U. ruziziensis showed a high sprout capacity after the initial spring rains, which made them stand out in the systems with P. glaucum and C. spectabilis on phytomass productivity. The P. glaucum presented higher accumulations of nutrients during flowering and senescence; however, U. ruziziensis provided a greater quantity of macronutrients and micronutrients from the moment of desiccation of soybean pre-sowing. Single systems of C. spectabilis and U. ruziziensis promoted an increase in yield of soybeans in the 2017/18 crop.

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