Consorciação de culturas de cobertura na safrinha em sistema de produção de soja : fitomassa e ciclagem de nutrientes
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Data
2019-02-26
Autores
Feitosa, Priscilla Barros
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Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
Resumo
The practice of intercropping of cover crops promotes the diversity of phytomass residues
for no-tillage that, in addition to increasing the productivity of soybeans, improves the
physical, chemical and biological attributes of the soil. The objective was to evaluate the
phytomass production, accumulation and release of nutrients promoted by cropping systems
with cover crops and grain yield of soybeans grown in succession. The experiment was
conducted at the Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Campus Rondonópolis-MT,
in the 2017/18 harvest. The systems were arranged in a randomized block design, with seven
systems with cover plants in succession to the soybean and three replicates, being: Fallow in
no-tillage; Pennisetum glaucum; Crotalaria spectabilis; Urochloa ruziziensis; P. glaucum +
U. ruziziensis; P. glaucum + C. spectabilis; C. spectabilis + U. ruziziensis. The phytomass
accumulation was evaluated in the flowering and senescence of the crops and, now of
desiccation in pre-sowing of soybean. The soil cover rate as well as the nutrient cycling
provided by the systems were evaluated at desiccation at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after
desiccation. Soya was grown in succession to the cover crops and grain yield was quantified.
U. ruziziensis showed higher phytomass production at desiccation, followed by C.
spectabilis + U. ruziziensis. In general, the systems with U. ruziziensis showed a high sprout
capacity after the initial spring rains, which made them stand out in the systems with P.
glaucum and C. spectabilis on phytomass productivity. The P. glaucum presented higher
accumulations of nutrients during flowering and senescence; however, U. ruziziensis
provided a greater quantity of macronutrients and micronutrients from the moment of
desiccation of soybean pre-sowing. Single systems of C. spectabilis and U. ruziziensis
promoted an increase in yield of soybeans in the 2017/18 crop.
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FEITOSA, Priscilla Barros. Consorciação de culturas de cobertura na safrinha em sistema de produção de soja: fitomassa e ciclagem de nutrientes. 2019. 32 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Rondonópolis, 2019.