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- ItemConsorciação de culturas de cobertura na safrinha em sistema de produção de soja : fitomassa e ciclagem de nutrientes(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2019-02-26) Feitosa, Priscilla Barros; Pacheco, Leandro Pereira; 986.520.871-72; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4926743824358076; Pacheco, Leandro Pereira; 986.520.871-72; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4926743824358076; Souza, Edicarlos Damacena de; 719.200.561-49; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6843055362772781; Cabral, Carlos Eduardo Avelino; 019.717.471-06; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6739111102181898The practice of intercropping of cover crops promotes the diversity of phytomass residues for no-tillage that, in addition to increasing the productivity of soybeans, improves the physical, chemical and biological attributes of the soil. The objective was to evaluate the phytomass production, accumulation and release of nutrients promoted by cropping systems with cover crops and grain yield of soybeans grown in succession. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Campus Rondonópolis-MT, in the 2017/18 harvest. The systems were arranged in a randomized block design, with seven systems with cover plants in succession to the soybean and three replicates, being: Fallow in no-tillage; Pennisetum glaucum; Crotalaria spectabilis; Urochloa ruziziensis; P. glaucum + U. ruziziensis; P. glaucum + C. spectabilis; C. spectabilis + U. ruziziensis. The phytomass accumulation was evaluated in the flowering and senescence of the crops and, now of desiccation in pre-sowing of soybean. The soil cover rate as well as the nutrient cycling provided by the systems were evaluated at desiccation at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after desiccation. Soya was grown in succession to the cover crops and grain yield was quantified. U. ruziziensis showed higher phytomass production at desiccation, followed by C. spectabilis + U. ruziziensis. In general, the systems with U. ruziziensis showed a high sprout capacity after the initial spring rains, which made them stand out in the systems with P. glaucum and C. spectabilis on phytomass productivity. The P. glaucum presented higher accumulations of nutrients during flowering and senescence; however, U. ruziziensis provided a greater quantity of macronutrients and micronutrients from the moment of desiccation of soybean pre-sowing. Single systems of C. spectabilis and U. ruziziensis promoted an increase in yield of soybeans in the 2017/18 crop.
- ItemCulturas anuais e de cobertura na safrinha em sucessão à soja em plantio direto : fitomassa, ciclagem de nutrientes e produtividade de grãos(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2020-02-20) Greco, Tássia Maira; Pacheco, Leandro Pereira; 986.520.871-72; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4926743824358076; Pacheco, Leandro Pereira; 986.520.871-72; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4926743824358076; Alves, Niédja Marizze Cezar; 010.043.454-10; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9661006374047977; Cabral, Carlos Eduardo Avelino; 019.717.471-06; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6739111102181898Brazil is the second largest producer of soybeans in the world, with 116 million tons, with the increase in demand, the increase in productivity becomes fundamental. The no-tillage system (SPD) is an alternative to the sustainability of agricultural production, as it promotes greater efficiency in the soil-plant-atmosphere system, favors soil fertility and the development of crops. The practice of crop rotation is the main obstacle to SPD, due to the predominance of cultivation in succession of crops with soy in the summer and corn in the off-season. In this way, the objective of the work was to identify alternatives for annual crops and cover for succession of soybeans, therefore, the study evaluated the production and decomposition of phytomass, nutrient cycling and increase in crop productivity in succession. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Mato Grosso – UFMT, University Campus of Rondonópolis, in the 2014/2015 to 2018/2019 seasons. The area's soil is classified as an Oxisol. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with nine production systems, sown in safrinha, and with four replications each, totaling 36 experimental plots. Collections of phytomass and nutrient accumulation took place at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after desiccation. Soybean productivity in succession was positively influenced by all treatments, except for fallows and S8. The systems intercropped with parallel corn have the largest accumulations of phytomass. A synchronization of nutrient release with the demand of the crop in succession reflected directly in the production results. Legume systems accumulate more nitrogen, while the use of sunflower increases the accumulation of potassium. Systems with U.ruziziensis were produced in the production of phytomass and in the cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus.
- ItemCulturas anuais e de cobertura no manejo de plantas daninhas em sistemas de produção de grãos(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2021-08-20) Silva, Ivan David Ferreira; Pacheco, Leandro Pereira; 986.520.871-72; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4926743824358076; Pacheco, Leandro Pereira; 986.520.871-72; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4926743824358076; Alves, Niédja Marizze Cezar; 010.043.454-10; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9661006374047977; Cabral, Carlos Eduardo Avelino; 019.717.471-06; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6739111102181898In the cultivation of grains such as soybeans, weeds can cause productivity losses due to competition from natural resources and even difficulty in harvesting grains. The no-tillage system can provide the agroecosystem with the suppression of weeds by the phytomass layer that covers the soil, in addition to being associated with nutrient cycling, water use efficiency, among others. The objective of this work was to identify annual and cover crops that promote weed suppression and increase in grain yield in soybean production systems under no-tillage in the consolidation phase. The experiment was installed at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis university campus. For this work, the harvests of 2017/2018, 2018/19, 2019/2020 and 2020/21 were analyzed. The soil in the area is classified as Oxisol. The reserarch was conducted in a randomized block design, with nine production systems sown in the off-season, and with four replications each, totaling 36 experimental plots. The treatments were, MC1: Fallow + no-tillage (PD); MC2: Fallow + conventional preparation (PC); CS1: C. spectabilis; CS2: P. glaucum; CS3: U. ruziziensis; CS4: C. cajan; IC1: Corn+C. spectabilis; IC2: Corn+U. ruziziensis. MIX: Mix: P. glaucum + C. spectabilis + C. cajan + U. ruziziensis; IC2: Corn+U. ruziziensis. The analyzed variables were phytomass of cover crops (kg ha-1 ), soil cover rate (%), weed population (plants/m²), dry phytomass of weeds (kg ha-1 ), control of weed infestation. weeds (%), weed infestation (%) and soybean yield (kg ha-1 ).All were implemented after the soybean harvest, consisting of fallow, annual and cover crops (single and intercropping). The results demonstrate that the use of annual and cover crops in off-season is an efficient tool in the integrated management of weeds. Treatments CS2, CS3 and MIX showed potential to reduce infestation and development of invasive species during the off-season, in addition to significant increases in soybean grain yield sown in succession.
- ItemIndicadores de qualidade do solo e produtividade de soja em sistema integrado de produção agropecuária(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2019-02-25) Moraes, Juliana Mendes Andrade de Souza; Souza, Edicarlos Damacena de; 719.200.561-49; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6843055362772781; Souza, Edicarlos Damacena de; 719.200.561-49; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6843055362772781; Pacheco, Leandro Pereira; 986.520.871-72; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4926743824358076; Cabral, Carlos Eduardo Avelino; 019.717.471-06; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6739111102181898; Carneiro, Marco Aurélio Carbone; 093.852.608-12; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4868736525994145The crop-livestock integration in no-tillage system (CLI-NTS) have emerged as a proposal of conservationist production that promote improvements in soil attributes and, consequently, an increase in crop productivity. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of between grasses and legumes in the pasture phase on the chemical and biochemical attributes in CLI-NTS at the Mato Grosso and the performance of the soybean crop in succession. The soybean crop was sown in the summer with harvest in February, with subsequent insertion of the treatments with two grasses gramíneas (Urochloa ruziziensis e U. brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguás) Cultivated single or intercropped with cowpea beans (Vigna unguiculata) cv. BRS Tumucumaque and with pigeon peas (Cajanus cajan) cv. BRS Mandarim. With the use of legumes, there was an increase in the total N stocks in the pasture stage, also observed for the carbon and nitrogen of the microbial biomass and β-glucosidase demonstrating that the pasture phase consortia decrease the stress conditions that the biomass undergoes. These results culminated in the higher productivity of soybean in the treatments with consortium between grasses and legumes, mainly with the use of cowpea beans, in pasture phase in CLI-NTS promotes improvements in soil attributes and increases soybean accumulated productivity after two years of system deployment.
- ItemIndicadores de qualidade do solo e sua relação com a produtividade em sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária em plantio direto(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2018-07-11) Laroca, Jackeline Vieira dos Santos; Souza, Edicarlos Damacena de; 719.200.561-49; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6843055362772781; Souza, Edicarlos Damacena de; 719.200.561-49; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6843055362772781; Silva, Francine Damian da; 009.510.500-01; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9838212017844050; Cabral, Carlos Eduardo Avelino; 019.717.471-06; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6739111102181898The objective of the work was to evaluate the influence of the consortia with leguminosas in the phase pasture of SIPA-PD in the increment of organic matter, in the activity microbiológica of the soil and productivity of grains and production and quality of the pasture. And to identify the indicators of quality of the soil with influences in the changes of the productivity of the system. The experiment was driven in Itiquira (MT) in a Latossolo Red distrófico, where they were implanted, after crop of the soy, the treatments with grassy Urochloa ruziziensis, U. brizantha to cultivate BRS Paiaguás, Panicum maximum to cultivate BRS Tamani and U. brizantha to cultivate BRS Piatã cultivated unmarried and associated with bean caupi (Vigna unguiculata) to cultivate BRS Tumucumaque and bean guandu (Cajanus cajan) to cultivate BRS Mandarim. The experimental delineamento was of blocks casualizados with three repetitions in outline of subdivided portions where the grassy ones were considered as portions and the subparcelas were represented by the leguminosas. It was verified that the consortia provided increments in the tenors of C and N as well as in their fractions particulate and in the index of handling of carbon. C and N of the microbial biomass were also increased by the adoption of the consortia with leguminosas, and the single cultivations presented high values of basal breathing and metabolic quotient, evidencing stress in the microbiota of the soil. Plant productivity was positively influenced by consortiums with cowpea. Dry matter and crude protein have a positive and significant influence on animal production. And the C of the microbial biomass followed by the N in the organic matter was used in the tests that improved explicitly as the changes in productivity. The Paiaguás and Piatã grasses intercropped with leguminous cowpea beans provide greater increases in attributes related to soil quality, also reflecting the higher yields of the system.
- ItemSistemas de produção com culturas graníferas e de cobertura em safrinha(Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2018-07-13) Carvalho, Ícaro Camargo de; Souza, Edicarlos Damacena de; 719.200.561-49; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6843055362772781; Pacheco, Leandro Pereira; 986.520.871-72; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4926743824358076; Pacheco, Leandro Pereira; 986.520.871-72; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4926743824358076; Souza, Edicarlos Damacena de; 719.200.561-49; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6843055362772781; Cabral, Carlos Eduardo Avelino; 019.717.471-06; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6739111102181898; Kappes, Claudinei; 007.782.131-00; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5986992428903864The objective of this work was to evaluate the phytomass production, accumulation and nutrient release and soybean yield in production systems with cover crops in succession to soybean cultivation in dystrophic Oxysol in Rondonópolis - MT. The experiment was conducted during the 2016/17 and 2017/18 harvests at the UFMT, Campus of Rondonópolis, in a randomized complete block design with nine cover cropping systems with four replications. The evaluations were performed immediately before desiccation of management in October of 2016 and 2017, and repeated at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after desiccation. Crotalaria spectabilis and Urochloa ruziziensis were prominent in the phytomass accumulation. C. spectabilis and U. ruziziensis were prominent in the accumulation of nutrients, with the exception of K, Mg and Cu, in which the sunflower + U. ruziziensis system was highlighted for the first two and maize + C. spectabilis for Cu, in the 2016/17 season. U. ruziziensis was highlighted in the accumulation of macronutrients in the 2017/18 crop. The off season production systems composed of C. spectabilis, maize + C. spectabilis, sunflower + U. ruziziensis, P. glaucum and U. ruziziensis were efficient to increase soybean yield in succession to cover crops in southern of Mato Grosso.