Culturas anuais e de cobertura no manejo de plantas daninhas em sistemas de produção de grãos
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Data
2021-08-20
Autores
Silva, Ivan David Ferreira
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Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
Resumo
In the cultivation of grains such as soybeans, weeds can cause productivity losses due to
competition from natural resources and even difficulty in harvesting grains. The no-tillage
system can provide the agroecosystem with the suppression of weeds by the phytomass layer
that covers the soil, in addition to being associated with nutrient cycling, water use
efficiency, among others. The objective of this work was to identify annual and cover crops
that promote weed suppression and increase in grain yield in soybean production systems
under no-tillage in the consolidation phase. The experiment was installed at the Federal
University of Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis university campus. For this work, the harvests of
2017/2018, 2018/19, 2019/2020 and 2020/21 were analyzed. The soil in the area is classified
as Oxisol. The reserarch was conducted in a randomized block design, with nine production
systems sown in the off-season, and with four replications each, totaling 36 experimental
plots. The treatments were, MC1: Fallow + no-tillage (PD); MC2: Fallow + conventional
preparation (PC); CS1: C. spectabilis; CS2: P. glaucum; CS3: U. ruziziensis; CS4: C. cajan;
IC1: Corn+C. spectabilis; IC2: Corn+U. ruziziensis. MIX: Mix: P. glaucum + C. spectabilis
+ C. cajan + U. ruziziensis; IC2: Corn+U. ruziziensis. The analyzed variables were
phytomass of cover crops (kg ha-1
), soil cover rate (%), weed population (plants/m²), dry
phytomass of weeds (kg ha-1
), control of weed infestation. weeds (%), weed infestation (%)
and soybean yield (kg ha-1
).All were implemented after the soybean harvest, consisting of
fallow, annual and cover crops (single and intercropping). The results demonstrate that the
use of annual and cover crops in off-season is an efficient tool in the integrated management
of weeds. Treatments CS2, CS3 and MIX showed potential to reduce infestation and
development of invasive species during the off-season, in addition to significant increases in
soybean grain yield sown in succession.
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SILVA, Ivan David Ferreira. Culturas anuais e de cobertura no manejo de plantas daninhas em sistemas de produção de grãos. 2021. 43 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Rondonópolis, 2021.