Efeitos da inundação sobre o manejo da pecuária no Pantanal norte com emprego de imagens orbitais
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Data
2015-12-11
Autores
Alves, Gustavo Benedito Medeiros
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Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
Resumo
Cattle ranching is the main economic activity in the Brazilian Pantanal, managed
according to the hydrological regime. Flood events are part of the dynamics of life of the
rancher in this region, but they are poorly understood and can cause economic losses. In
this way, the present study analyzed the spatial and temporal dynamics of floods in a
region (15º42’27”/16º48’52”S and 55º2’2”/56º0’17” W) in northern Pantanal and its
influence on cattle ranching management. TOPODATA image (30m) was used for
extraction of drainages and identification of areas subject to flooding. The quota values up
to 200 m were correlated with the Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) of MOD13Q1
images, considering the flood pulse from 2008 to 2014. A logistic regression model was
developed to validate the performance of LSWI indistinguishing flooded areas. From the
results of LSWI, MODIS images from 2010 to 2012 were selected to analyze the
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), in order to detect the development of
vegetation, according to the phases of the flood pulse. Ranchers and locals were
interviewed to gather information to understand the cattle management processes, assess
the results of the indices and the flood maps. LSWI showed a 96% efficiency for analysis
of flooded areas; the plain (753.328 ha) may flood up to 66.7% of its total area. The
largest average area flooded (46.3%) was observed in 2014 and the smallest (30.6%), in
2012. NDVI indicated that the hydrological phases interfere with the distribution of
vegetation, so that, in the low water period, up to 81% of the floodplain area has potential
to be used as pastures and in the high water period, this area is reduced to 30%. Livestock
management follows the availability of forage and can be conducted in the farm itself, or
with displacement between low- and highlands. LSWI allowed the identification of areas
prone to flooding in the Pantanal and NDVI enabled to relate the availability of pastures to
cattle in the different hydrological phases. The analysis of flood processes has proven
essential to understanding the traditional livestock management. This production model is
closely related to variations in rainfall, relief, flow and direction of water on the plain, and
especially the alternation of low and high water phases in the Pantanal.
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ALVES, Gustavo Benedito Medeiros. Efeitos da inundação sobre o manejo da pecuária no Pantanal norte com emprego de imagens orbitais. 2015. 95 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Geografia) - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Rondonópolis, 2015.