Sistemas de produção de soja com culturas anuais e de cobertura em safrinha na contribuição de produção de fitomassa e controle de plantas daninhas
Data
2017-02-23
Autores
São Miguel, Andressa Selestina Dalla Côrt
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Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
Resumo
The objective of the present study was to evaluate annual and cover crops sown in the
second crop after soybean harvest in the production of phytomass (leaves and stems),
suppression of weeds and soybean yield in succession in production systems. The
experiment was conducted in the agricultural years of 2013/2014, 2014/2015 and
2015/2016, in the experimental area of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Campus
of Rondonopolis. It was implanted in a dystrophic Oxisol, in a randomized block design
with nine systems in the off-season: fallow, annual crops (maize, sunflower and
cowpea) and cover crops (Pennisetum glaucum, Crotalaria breviflora, Crotalaria
spectabilis, Urochloa ruziziensis, Cajanus Cajan, Stylosanthes sp., Urochloa
brizantha), with single treatments and intercropping, in four replications. Were
evaluated the phytomass, soil cover rate and yield of annual crops in the second crop,
soybean yield in the crops and weeds during the whole year. The systems with maize
obtained the highest yields of grains. The systems with P. glaucum and U. ruziziensis
showed establishment and growth faster than the other cover crop species, which
resulted in higher dry phytomass in this period. C. spectabilis was noted in the
accumulation of dry phytomass at 90 days after desiccation in relation to C. breviflora.
Regarding weed control, the treatments that most influenced the reduction of weed
germination or growth were U. ruziziensis single and the consortium between corn +
U. ruziziensis with 100% control in most of the evaluated epochs and species. The D.
horizonthalis weed species was the one that obtained the largest population among
the evaluated species. P. glaucum and U. ruziziensis single showed more efficient
establishment and growth of plants, resulting in higher total biomass and soil cover
rate in the agricultural year of 2014. In 2015, maize intercropped with U. ruziziensis
and C. spectabilis, sunflower + U. ruziziensis stood out in total phytomass production
during flowering and after harvesting maize and sunflower grains. The composition of
the phytomass in the systems presents greater proportions of stems in relation to
leaves, with highlight to C. spectabilis after senescence. The systems with U.
ruziziensis, P. glaucum, C. spectabilis and consortia with maize + U. ruziziensis,
sunflower + U. ruziziensis and maize + C. spectabilis are alternatives that help in the
integrated management of weeds, by reducing the incidence and increasing the control
of the main species that were detected during the conduction of the experiment. In the
2015/16 crop year, all production systems using annual crops and cover crops are
efficient to increase soybean yield in succession, especially C. spectabilis.
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SÃO MIGUEL, Andressa Selestina Dalla Côrt. Sistemas de produção de soja com culturas anuais e de cobertura em safrinha na contribuição de produção de fitomassa e controle de plantas daninhas. 2017. 65 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Rondonópolis, 2017.