Metodologia de avaliação a Pratylenchus brachyurus e reação de genótipos de soja aos nematoides das galhas e das lesões
Data
2012-12-19
Autores
Santos, Tânia de Fátima Silveira dos
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Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
Resumo
Along with the expansion of soybean plantation, new
problems came up as well, such as diseases caused by phytonematodes.
Gall nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and (P. brachyurus) constitute two of the
most important groups of nematodes for the crop. Due to the importance of
these pathogens and the divergence in methodologies for the evaluation of
tests to Pratylenchus spp., this paper aimed to evaluate methodologies of
assembling and evaluation of tests to P. brachyurus as well as evaluate the
reaction of soybean genotypes to P. brachyurus, M. javanica and M.
incognita. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse at Aprosmat, in
the municipality of Rondonópolis, State of Mato Grosso, from March to
November 2012. For the experiment testing methology, the experimental
design was entirely at random, in factorial scheme 5x4, corresponding to five
initial population levels of nematodes (0, 300, 600, 900 and 1,200 specimens
of P. brachyurus) and four periods of evaluation (60, 75, 90 and 105 days
after inoculation), with five repetitions. The soybean cultivars at use were:
MG/BR 46 (Conquista), FMT Tabarana and TMG 115 RR. The inoculation
followed different population levels. The evaluations occurred according to
the period after the inoculations, amounting to the reproduction factor
calculus. The second experiment was carried out in a factorial scheme 3x3,
corresponding to cultivars (MG/BR 46 (Conquista), FMT Tabarana and TMG
115 RR) and containers (plastic vessels, ceramic vessels and small tubes)
with six repetitions. The inoculum level used was of 600 specimens of
nematodes per plant with evaluation at 90 days after inoculation. In the third
experiment, the soybean genotypes tested were these ones: three lineages
(UFUS 17, UFUS 02/Brown and UFUS 02) and twelve cultivars (UFUS
Mineira, UFUS Uberlândia, UFUS Richness, UFUS Tikuna, UFUS Guarani,
UFUS Carajás, UFUS Guará, UFUS Bahia, BRSMT Pintado (witness of11
susceptibility), MG/BR 46 (Conquista) (witness of resistance), FMT-Tabarana
and TMG 115 RR) regarding the reaction to M. javanica, M. incognita and P.
brachyurus. The design used was entirely randomized with 15 treatments
and six repetitions. The inoculation process occurred about seven days after
sowing with initial population of 600 specimens, to P. brachyurus with
evaluation at 90 days and 5,000 eggs and juveniles to M. incognita and M.
javanica with evaluation at 60 days. During both experiments the following
variables were analyzed: SPAD reading, plant height, stem diameter, fresh
and dry weight of the aerial part of the plants, root weight and reproduction
factor. Every soybean genotype tested was susceptible, with FR varying
from 8.33 to 23.18 to M. javanica and 6.16 to 23.0 to M. incognita. Genotypes
UFUS 02 Brown and UFUS Tikuna showed FR lower than one to P.
brachyurus. The ideal period for evaluation was between 75 to 89 days after
inoculation, with 625 to 961 nematodes per plant. The containers used did
not matter in the reproduction factor.
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Citação
SANTOS, Tânia de Fátima Silveira dos. Metodologia de avaliação a Pratylenchus brachyurus e reação de genótipos de soja aos nematoides das galhas e das lesões. 2012. 85 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Rondonópolis, 2012.