Resumo
Production systems and the presence of grazing animals exert a significant effect on the spatial variability of soil, and diversifying production systems can be an alternative to increase organic matter and enable annual cropping on sandy soils. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the influence of functional diversity and the effect of a remineralizer on the spatial variability of organic carbon in the Mato Grosso Cerrado. The experiment was established in 2017 at the Mato Grosso Cotton Institute (IMA) on a dystrophic Red Argisol with a sandy‐loam texture. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with five treatments and three replications, in a split‐plot scheme. The main plots consisted of five levels of plant diversity during the off‐season following soybean, with cotton entering the rotation every two years, and the subplots were formed by the presence or absence of the remineralizer application. The diversity levels are: DFMB: very low functional diversity (soybean in the main season with fallow in the off-season); DFB: low functional diversity (soybean in the main season and Urochloa brizantha cv. Piatã in the off-season); DFM: medium functional diversity (soybean in the main season and, for 8 months in the off-season, U. brizantha cv. Piatã, sunflower (Helianthus annuus), forage radish (Raphanus sativus L.), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) and buckwheat (Fagopyrum sculentum)); DFML: medium long-term functional diversity (DFM maintained for 20 months); DFA: soybean in the main season and, for 20 months in the off-season, U. brizantha cv. Piatã, sunflower, forage radish, cowpea and buckwheat.. The DFA treatment showed the highest mean, differing from all others. The 112 % increase in organic carbon content in DFA (9.32 g kg⁻¹) compared to DFMB (4.40 g kg⁻¹) highlights that inclusion of the animal component is the main driver of organic‐matter accumulation in the soil. Total porosity was greatest in DFM+R (45.30 %), while the remineralizer had the opposite effect in DFML (40.1 %) and a positive effect in DFA (41.7 %), showing that its action varies according to the diversity level. The lowest bulk density (1.30 g cm⁻³) was recorded in DFA−R, reinforcing that high‐diversity systems are potentially less compacted. Aggregate size tended to decrease with increasing functional diversity, by up to 78.5 % for DFA (1.4 mm) compared to DFB (2.5 mm). Therefore, increasing levels of functional diversity increase total organic carbon (TOC) contents and reduce bulk density when associated with the animal component in ICLS, presenting moderate spatial variability of TOC dependent solely on functional diversity. Soil macro‐ and microporosity indicators are not altered by functional diversity or remineralizer; however, total porosity was highest in DFM. There was a tendency for aggregate size to decrease with increasing diversity. The greatest mean values of DMG and DMP were found in DFB. Aggregate sizes in each class (DMP) depend on remineralizer use and diversity combination, but the modal aggregate size (DMG) was influenced only by functional diversity.
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SOUZA, Juan Christyan Moreira Soares. Variabilidade espacial do carbono do solo sob uso de remineralizador e níveis de diversidade funcional no cerrado mato-grossense. 2025. 1 recurso on-line (41 p.). TCC (Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental) - Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Rondonópolis, 2025.
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