Cultivo de pimenta biquinho sob lâminas de irrigação e doses de nitrogênio no cerrado mato-grossense
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Data
2019-02-22
Autores
Beltrão, Juliane de Souza
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Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
Resumo
The cultivation of chilies of the genus Capsicum is an economic
activity that allows the producer a good income with small areas. The biquinho
pepper (Capsicum chinense) has characteristics that distinguish it from the other
peppers of the genus, mainly due to the absence of pungency (picância) in the fruits.
However, further studies are needed to identify the ideal techniques for its cultivation
in the Cerrado Mato-Grossense region. In this context, the objective of this study
was to study the effect of nitrogen doses and irrigation slides by drip irrigation in the
cultivation of biquinho pepper in Oxisol. The experiment was carried out in the field,
in the experimental area of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Rondonópolis
Campus, in soil classified as dystrophic Red Oxisol. The treatments were composed
of five irrigation slides [40, 60, 80, 100 and 120% of ETc demand (crop
evapotranspiration)] and five nitrogen doses (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1
),
having as a source the urea, totaling 25 treatments, making 100 experimental units.
The liming was performed with dolomitic limestone to raise the saturation by bases
to 80%. The seedlings were produced in polyethylene trays, being transplanted to
the field with an average height of 7 cm, at 45 days after sowing. The planting
spacing was 0.9 m between rows and 0.5 m between plants, totalizing a stand of 15
plants per experimental unit. During the vegetative development, the number of
leaves, plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll index and crown diameter were
evaluated. After harvest, fruit production, fresh and dry fruit mass, number of fruits,
fruit diameter and length, average fruit mass, soluble solids, water productivity and
water consumption were evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance
and when significant, the regression analysis, at 5% significance, and response
surface analysis, using software R Statistical 3.4.2®. Nitrogen fertilization showed a
significant difference for plant height, number of leaves, stem and canopy diameter,
chlorophyll index, fresh and dry mass of fruits, number of fruits and productivity.
Irrigation blades provided a significant difference for the variables stem diameter,
chlorophyll index and water productivity. The irrigation blades and nitrogen
fertilization did not provide significant differences in fruit length and diameter, mean
fruit mass and soluble solids content. The Irrigation blades and nitrogen doses
provide gains in biquinho pepper productivity, positively influencing its development
when grown on Oxisol.
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BELTRÃO, Juliane de Souza. Cultivo de pimenta biquinho sob lâminas de irrigação e doses de nitrogênio no cerrado mato-grossense. 2019. 92 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, Rondonópolis, 2019.